Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	20
Number of observations	2666
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	398.5 KiB
Average record size in memory	153.0 B

Variable types

NUM	15
BOOL	3
CAT	2

Warnings

`State` has a high cardinality: 51 distinct values	High cardinality
`Total day charge` is highly correlated with `Total day minutes`	High correlation
`Total day minutes` is highly correlated with `Total day charge`	High correlation
`Total eve charge` is highly correlated with `Total eve minutes`	High correlation
`Total eve minutes` is highly correlated with `Total eve charge`	High correlation
`Total night charge` is highly correlated with `Total night minutes`	High correlation
`Total night minutes` is highly correlated with `Total night charge`	High correlation
`Total intl charge` is highly correlated with `Total intl minutes`	High correlation
`Total intl minutes` is highly correlated with `Total intl charge`	High correlation
`Number vmail messages` has 1933 (72.5%) zeros	Zeros
`Customer service calls` has 555 (20.8%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-01-31 06:26:24.342885
Analysis finished	2021-01-31 06:27:45.520150
Duration	1 minute and 21.18 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

State
Categorical

HIGH CARDINALITY

Distinct	51
Distinct (%)	1.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

WV	88
MN	70
NY	68
VA	67
WY	66
Other values (46)	2307

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
WV	88	3.3%
MN	70	2.6%
NY	68	2.6%
VA	67	2.5%
WY	66	2.5%
OH	66	2.5%
AL	66	2.5%
OR	62	2.3%
WI	61	2.3%
NV	61	2.3%
Other values (41)	1991	74.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	2
Median length	2
Mean length	2
Min length	2

Account length
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	205
Distinct (%)	7.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	100.6204051
Minimum	1
Maximum	243
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	36
Q1	73
median	100
Q3	127
95-th percentile	166
Maximum	243
Range	242
Interquartile range (IQR)	54

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	39.56397365
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3932003018
Kurtosis	-0.1383128669
Mean	100.6204051
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	27
Skewness	0.07902340636
Sum	268254
Variance	1565.308011
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
93	35	1.3%
87	33	1.2%
105	33	1.2%
101	32	1.2%
99	32	1.2%
100	31	1.2%
116	29	1.1%
106	29	1.1%
98	29	1.1%
90	29	1.1%
Other values (195)	2354	88.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	6	0.2%
2	1	< 0.1%
3	4	0.2%
4	1	< 0.1%
5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
243	1	< 0.1%
225	2	0.1%
224	2	0.1%
221	1	< 0.1%
217	1	< 0.1%

Area code
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

415	1318
510	679
408	669

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
415	1318	49.4%
510	679	25.5%
408	669	25.1%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	3
Median length	3
Mean length	3
Min length	3

International plan
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

No	2396
Yes	270

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No	2396	89.9%
Yes	270	10.1%

Voice mail plan
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

No	1933
Yes	733

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No	1933	72.5%
Yes	733	27.5%

Number vmail messages
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	42
Distinct (%)	1.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	8.021755439
Minimum	0
Maximum	50
Zeros	1933
Zeros (%)	72.5%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	19
95-th percentile	36
Maximum	50
Range	50
Interquartile range (IQR)	19

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	13.61227702
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.696919972
Kurtosis	-0.04015788882
Mean	8.021755439
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.271773633
Sum	21386
Variance	185.2940856
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=42)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1933	72.5%
31	50	1.9%
28	42	1.6%
29	39	1.5%
24	37	1.4%
33	37	1.4%
30	35	1.3%
27	34	1.3%
25	33	1.2%
32	33	1.2%
Other values (32)	393	14.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1933	72.5%
4	1	< 0.1%
8	2	0.1%
9	2	0.1%
10	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
50	2	0.1%
47	3	0.1%
46	3	0.1%
45	4	0.2%
44	7	0.3%

Total day minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1489
Distinct (%)	55.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	179.4816204
Minimum	0
Maximum	350.8
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	90.425
Q1	143.4
median	179.95
Q3	215.9
95-th percentile	269.775
Maximum	350.8
Range	350.8
Interquartile range (IQR)	72.5

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	54.21035022
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3020384488
Kurtosis	0.01936427966
Mean	179.4816204
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	36.25
Skewness	-0.05310559809
Sum	478498
Variance	2938.762071
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
162.3	7	0.3%
183.4	7	0.3%
194.8	6	0.2%
175.4	6	0.2%
159.5	6	0.2%
185	6	0.2%
216	6	0.2%
145	5	0.2%
124.3	5	0.2%
141.3	5	0.2%
Other values (1479)	2607	97.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	0.1%
2.6	1	< 0.1%
7.8	1	< 0.1%
7.9	1	< 0.1%
12.5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
350.8	1	< 0.1%
346.8	1	< 0.1%
345.3	1	< 0.1%
337.4	1	< 0.1%
335.5	1	< 0.1%

Total day calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	115
Distinct (%)	4.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	100.3102026
Minimum	0
Maximum	160
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	67
Q1	87
median	101
Q3	114
95-th percentile	133
Maximum	160
Range	160
Interquartile range (IQR)	27

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.98816219
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1992635014
Kurtosis	0.2895491547
Mean	100.3102026
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13
Skewness	-0.1282668464
Sum	267427
Variance	399.5266276
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
105	62	2.3%
106	59	2.2%
108	59	2.2%
112	58	2.2%
107	57	2.1%
102	57	2.1%
100	56	2.1%
104	55	2.1%
95	55	2.1%
88	54	2.0%
Other values (105)	2094	78.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
40	1	< 0.1%
42	2	0.1%
44	3	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
160	1	< 0.1%
158	3	0.1%
157	1	< 0.1%
156	1	< 0.1%
152	1	< 0.1%

Total day charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1489
Distinct (%)	55.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	30.51240435
Minimum	0
Maximum	59.64
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	15.375
Q1	24.38
median	30.59
Q3	36.7
95-th percentile	45.865
Maximum	59.64
Range	59.64
Interquartile range (IQR)	12.32

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	9.215732907
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3020323407
Kurtosis	0.01950186757
Mean	30.51240435
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6.16
Skewness	-0.0530869042
Sum	81346.07
Variance	84.92973302
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.59	7	0.3%
31.18	7	0.3%
31.45	6	0.2%
29.82	6	0.2%
36.72	6	0.2%
33.12	6	0.2%
27.12	6	0.2%
24.65	5	0.2%
33.73	5	0.2%
35.29	5	0.2%
Other values (1479)	2607	97.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	0.1%
0.44	1	< 0.1%
1.33	1	< 0.1%
1.34	1	< 0.1%
2.13	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
59.64	1	< 0.1%
58.96	1	< 0.1%
58.7	1	< 0.1%
57.36	1	< 0.1%
57.04	1	< 0.1%

Total eve minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1442
Distinct (%)	54.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	200.386159
Minimum	0
Maximum	363.7
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	118.725
Q1	165.3
median	200.9
Q3	235.1
95-th percentile	285.025
Maximum	363.7
Range	363.7
Interquartile range (IQR)	69.8

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	50.95151512
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2542666388
Kurtosis	-0.02549313226
Mean	200.386159
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	35
Skewness	-0.01266524296
Sum	534229.5
Variance	2596.056893
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
169.9	8	0.3%
220.6	7	0.3%
167.2	7	0.3%
161.7	7	0.3%
181.6	6	0.2%
195.5	6	0.2%
194	6	0.2%
224.9	6	0.2%
205.1	6	0.2%
209.4	6	0.2%
Other values (1432)	2601	97.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
31.2	1	< 0.1%
42.2	1	< 0.1%
42.5	1	< 0.1%
43.9	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
363.7	1	< 0.1%
354.2	1	< 0.1%
350.9	1	< 0.1%
348.5	1	< 0.1%
347.3	1	< 0.1%

Total eve calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	120
Distinct (%)	4.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	100.0236309
Minimum	0
Maximum	170
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	67
Q1	87
median	100
Q3	114
95-th percentile	133
Maximum	170
Range	170
Interquartile range (IQR)	27

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	20.16144512
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2015668191
Kurtosis	0.1893960643
Mean	100.0236309
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13.5
Skewness	-0.06520928393
Sum	266663
Variance	406.4838691
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
105	64	2.4%
94	62	2.3%
109	58	2.2%
102	56	2.1%
108	55	2.1%
87	54	2.0%
97	54	2.0%
115	53	2.0%
111	52	2.0%
98	52	2.0%
Other values (110)	2106	79.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
12	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
42	1	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
170	1	< 0.1%
159	1	< 0.1%
157	1	< 0.1%
156	1	< 0.1%
155	2	0.1%

Total eve charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1301
Distinct (%)	48.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	17.03307202
Minimum	0
Maximum	30.91
Zeros	1
Zeros (%)	< 0.1%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	10.0925
Q1	14.05
median	17.08
Q3	19.98
95-th percentile	24.225
Maximum	30.91
Range	30.91
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.93

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.330864177
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2542620716
Kurtosis	-0.0255701337
Mean	17.03307202
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.98
Skewness	-0.01262903519
Sum	45410.17
Variance	18.75638452
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
16.12	9	0.3%
14.25	9	0.3%
14.44	8	0.3%
18.96	8	0.3%
18.62	8	0.3%
17.43	8	0.3%
17.99	8	0.3%
18.75	7	0.3%
16.63	7	0.3%
16.97	7	0.3%
Other values (1291)	2587	97.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	1	< 0.1%
2.65	1	< 0.1%
3.59	1	< 0.1%
3.61	1	< 0.1%
3.73	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
30.91	1	< 0.1%
30.11	1	< 0.1%
29.83	1	< 0.1%
29.62	1	< 0.1%
29.52	1	< 0.1%

Total night minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1444
Distinct (%)	54.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	201.1689422
Minimum	43.7
Maximum	395
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	43.7
5-th percentile	117.925
Q1	166.925
median	201.15
Q3	236.475
95-th percentile	283.675
Maximum	395
Range	351.3
Interquartile range (IQR)	69.55

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	50.78032337
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2524262583
Kurtosis	0.05038227445
Mean	201.1689422
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	34.8
Skewness	0.02336249992
Sum	536316.4
Variance	2578.641241
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
214.7	7	0.3%
172.7	6	0.2%
181.2	6	0.2%
214.6	6	0.2%
193.6	6	0.2%
182.1	6	0.2%
210	6	0.2%
214	6	0.2%
197.4	6	0.2%
194.3	6	0.2%
Other values (1434)	2605	97.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
43.7	1	< 0.1%
45	1	< 0.1%
47.4	1	< 0.1%
50.1	2	0.1%
53.3	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
395	1	< 0.1%
381.9	1	< 0.1%
377.5	1	< 0.1%
364.9	1	< 0.1%
364.3	1	< 0.1%

Total night calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	118
Distinct (%)	4.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	100.1061515
Minimum	33
Maximum	166
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	33
5-th percentile	68
Q1	87
median	100
Q3	113
95-th percentile	131
Maximum	166
Range	133
Interquartile range (IQR)	26

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19.41845855
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1939786742
Kurtosis	-0.04800868253
Mean	100.1061515
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13
Skewness	0.01041040145
Sum	266883
Variance	377.0765325
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
105	70	2.6%
104	67	2.5%
91	60	2.3%
102	58	2.2%
106	58	2.2%
100	57	2.1%
96	54	2.0%
95	53	2.0%
108	53	2.0%
98	53	2.0%
Other values (108)	2083	78.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
33	1	< 0.1%
36	1	< 0.1%
38	1	< 0.1%
42	1	< 0.1%
44	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
166	1	< 0.1%
164	1	< 0.1%
158	1	< 0.1%
157	2	0.1%
156	2	0.1%

Total night charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	885
Distinct (%)	33.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	9.052689422
Minimum	1.97
Maximum	17.77
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.97
5-th percentile	5.31
Q1	7.5125
median	9.05
Q3	10.64
95-th percentile	12.7675
Maximum	17.77
Range	15.8
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.1275

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.285119513
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2524243798
Kurtosis	0.05008123142
Mean	9.052689422
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.565
Skewness	0.0233184743
Sum	24134.47
Variance	5.221771188
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.66	13	0.5%
8.88	11	0.4%
7.15	10	0.4%
9.63	10	0.4%
9.14	10	0.4%
10.49	9	0.3%
8.64	9	0.3%
10.35	9	0.3%
9.23	9	0.3%
10.8	9	0.3%
Other values (875)	2567	96.3%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.97	1	< 0.1%
2.03	1	< 0.1%
2.13	1	< 0.1%
2.25	2	0.1%
2.4	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.77	1	< 0.1%
17.19	1	< 0.1%
16.99	1	< 0.1%
16.42	1	< 0.1%
16.39	1	< 0.1%

Total intl minutes
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	158
Distinct (%)	5.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	10.23702176
Minimum	0
Maximum	20
Zeros	15
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	5.8
Q1	8.5
median	10.2
Q3	12.1
95-th percentile	14.7
Maximum	20
Range	20
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.6

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.788348577
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2723788855
Kurtosis	0.6165548282
Mean	10.23702176
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.8
Skewness	-0.2244342469
Sum	27291.9
Variance	7.774887787
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	54	2.0%
10.2	47	1.8%
9.8	45	1.7%
11.5	43	1.6%
9.1	42	1.6%
11.3	42	1.6%
10.6	42	1.6%
9.7	41	1.5%
9.5	41	1.5%
10.9	41	1.5%
Other values (148)	2228	83.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	15	0.6%
1.1	1	< 0.1%
1.3	1	< 0.1%
2.1	1	< 0.1%
2.2	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	< 0.1%
18.9	1	< 0.1%
18.4	1	< 0.1%
18.2	2	0.1%
18	2	0.1%

Total intl calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	21
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.467366842
Minimum	0
Maximum	20
Zeros	15
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	3
median	4
Q3	6
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	20
Range	20
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.456194903
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.5498081958
Kurtosis	3.266618782
Mean	4.467366842
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.358768517
Sum	11910
Variance	6.032893402
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=21)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3	544	20.4%
4	503	18.9%
2	388	14.6%
5	376	14.1%
6	267	10.0%
7	172	6.5%
1	125	4.7%
8	90	3.4%
9	83	3.1%
10	37	1.4%
Other values (11)	81	3.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	15	0.6%
1	125	4.7%
2	388	14.6%
3	544	20.4%
4	503	18.9%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	1	< 0.1%
19	1	< 0.1%
18	2	0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
16	2	0.1%

Total intl charge
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	158
Distinct (%)	5.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.764489872
Minimum	0
Maximum	5.4
Zeros	15
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1.57
Q1	2.3
median	2.75
Q3	3.27
95-th percentile	3.97
Maximum	5.4
Range	5.4
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.97

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.7528120531
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2723149976
Kurtosis	0.6175371435
Mean	2.764489872
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.49
Skewness	-0.2245685267
Sum	7370.13
Variance	0.5667259873
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.7	54	2.0%
2.75	47	1.8%
2.65	45	1.7%
3.11	43	1.6%
2.46	42	1.6%
2.86	42	1.6%
3.05	42	1.6%
2.97	41	1.5%
2.57	41	1.5%
3.08	41	1.5%
Other values (148)	2228	83.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	15	0.6%
0.3	1	< 0.1%
0.35	1	< 0.1%
0.57	1	< 0.1%
0.59	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
5.4	1	< 0.1%
5.1	1	< 0.1%
4.97	1	< 0.1%
4.91	2	0.1%
4.86	2	0.1%

Customer service calls
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	0.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1.56264066
Minimum	0
Maximum	9
Zeros	555
Zeros (%)	20.8%
Memory size	20.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	1
median	1
Q3	2
95-th percentile	4
Maximum	9
Range	9
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.311235759
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8391153465
Kurtosis	1.813987028
Mean	1.56264066
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.095176262
Sum	4166
Variance	1.719339216
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=10)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	945	35.4%
2	608	22.8%
0	555	20.8%
3	348	13.1%
4	133	5.0%
5	49	1.8%
6	17	0.6%
7	8	0.3%
9	2	0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	555	20.8%
1	945	35.4%
2	608	22.8%
3	348	13.1%
4	133	5.0%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	2	0.1%
8	1	< 0.1%
7	8	0.3%
6	17	0.6%
5	49	1.8%

Churn
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	2.6 KiB

False	2278
True	388

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	2278	85.4%
True	388	14.6%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	State	Account length	Area code	International plan	Voice mail plan	Number vmail messages	Total day minutes	Total day calls	Total day charge	Total eve minutes	Total eve calls	Total eve charge	Total night minutes	Total night calls	Total night charge	Total intl minutes	Total intl calls	Total intl charge	Customer service calls	Churn
0	KS	128	415	No	Yes	25	265.1	110	45.07	197.4	99	16.78	244.7	91	11.01	10.0	3	2.70	1	False
1	OH	107	415	No	Yes	26	161.6	123	27.47	195.5	103	16.62	254.4	103	11.45	13.7	3	3.70	1	False
2	NJ	137	415	No	No	0	243.4	114	41.38	121.2	110	10.30	162.6	104	7.32	12.2	5	3.29	0	False
3	OH	84	408	Yes	No	0	299.4	71	50.90	61.9	88	5.26	196.9	89	8.86	6.6	7	1.78	2	False
4	OK	75	415	Yes	No	0	166.7	113	28.34	148.3	122	12.61	186.9	121	8.41	10.1	3	2.73	3	False
5	AL	118	510	Yes	No	0	223.4	98	37.98	220.6	101	18.75	203.9	118	9.18	6.3	6	1.70	0	False
6	MA	121	510	No	Yes	24	218.2	88	37.09	348.5	108	29.62	212.6	118	9.57	7.5	7	2.03	3	False
7	MO	147	415	Yes	No	0	157.0	79	26.69	103.1	94	8.76	211.8	96	9.53	7.1	6	1.92	0	False
8	WV	141	415	Yes	Yes	37	258.6	84	43.96	222.0	111	18.87	326.4	97	14.69	11.2	5	3.02	0	False
9	RI	74	415	No	No	0	187.7	127	31.91	163.4	148	13.89	196.0	94	8.82	9.1	5	2.46	0	False

Last rows

	State	Account length	Area code	International plan	Voice mail plan	Number vmail messages	Total day minutes	Total day calls	Total day charge	Total eve minutes	Total eve calls	Total eve charge	Total night minutes	Total night calls	Total night charge	Total intl minutes	Total intl calls	Total intl charge	Customer service calls	Churn
2656	GA	122	510	Yes	No	0	140.0	101	23.80	196.4	77	16.69	120.1	133	5.40	9.7	4	2.62	4	True
2657	MD	62	408	No	No	0	321.1	105	54.59	265.5	122	22.57	180.5	72	8.12	11.5	2	3.11	4	True
2658	IN	117	415	No	No	0	118.4	126	20.13	249.3	97	21.19	227.0	56	10.22	13.6	3	3.67	5	True
2659	OH	78	408	No	No	0	193.4	99	32.88	116.9	88	9.94	243.3	109	10.95	9.3	4	2.51	2	False
2660	OH	96	415	No	No	0	106.6	128	18.12	284.8	87	24.21	178.9	92	8.05	14.9	7	4.02	1	False
2661	SC	79	415	No	No	0	134.7	98	22.90	189.7	68	16.12	221.4	128	9.96	11.8	5	3.19	2	False
2662	AZ	192	415	No	Yes	36	156.2	77	26.55	215.5	126	18.32	279.1	83	12.56	9.9	6	2.67	2	False
2663	WV	68	415	No	No	0	231.1	57	39.29	153.4	55	13.04	191.3	123	8.61	9.6	4	2.59	3	False
2664	RI	28	510	No	No	0	180.8	109	30.74	288.8	58	24.55	191.9	91	8.64	14.1	6	3.81	2	False
2665	TN	74	415	No	Yes	25	234.4	113	39.85	265.9	82	22.60	241.4	77	10.86	13.7	4	3.70	0	False

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows